Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The work of scientists usually begins with
a. | testing a hypothesis. | c. | creating experiments. | b. | careful
observations. | d. | drawing
conclusions. |
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2.
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You suggest that the presence of water could accelerate the growth of bread
mold. This is a(an)
a. | conclusion. | c. | experiment. | b. | hypothesis. | d. | analysis. |
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3.
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Hypotheses may arise from
a. | prior knowledge. | c. | informed, creative imagination. | b. | logical
inferences. | d. | all of the
above |
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4.
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A student suggests that a certain species of bacteria grows better in the light
than in the dark. The student has 10 culture plates on which to grow the bacteria. Which
of the following would be the best experiment to test this idea?
a. | Grow 10 plates in the dark. | b. | Grow 10 plates in the light.
| c. | Grow 5 plates in the dark and 5 plates in the light. | d. | Grow 10 plates in
the light, with extra water. |
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5.
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Biology is the study of
a. | the land, water, and air on Earth. | c. | animals and plants
only. | b. | the living world. | d. | the environment. |
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6.
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The amount of light and temperature are examples of
a. | factors necessary for life. | c. | factors to which living things
respond. | b. | methods of energy production. | d. | factors that affect
reproduction. |
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7.
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The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions fairly constant is
called
a. | homeostasis. | c. | metabolism. | b. | evolution. | d. | photosynthesis. |
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8.
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Which of the following terms includes all the others?
a. | biologist | c. | zoologist | b. | botanist | d. | paleontologist |
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9.
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Which level of organization includes all of the other levels?
a. | organism | c. | population | b. | ecosystem | d. | community |
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10.
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What is the term given to a group of cells that develops from a single original
cell?
a. | community | c. | nutrient solution | b. | cell culture | d. | cell
fractionation |
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11.
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The three particles that make up atoms are
a. | protons, neutrons, and isotopes. | c. | positives, negatives, and
electrons. | b. | neutrons, isotopes, and electrons. | d. | protons, neutrons, and
electrons. |
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12.
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If an atom contains 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons, its mass
number would be
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13.
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Which of the following makes up a molecule of water?
a. | one atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen | b. | one atom of sodium
and one atom of chlorine | c. | one atom of hydrogen and two atoms of
oxygen | d. | two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen |
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14.
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What type of electron is available to form bonds?
a. | valence | c. | ionic | b. | nucleus | d. | covalent |
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15.
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Ice floats on water because
a. | of cohesion. | c. | water shrinks when it freezes. | b. | ice has a higher
density than water. | d. | water
expands when it freezes. |
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16.
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Water molecules are polar, with the
a. | oxygen side being slightly positive and the hydrogen side being slightly
negative. | b. | oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly positive. | c. | oxygen and hydrogen
sides being slightly negative. | d. | oxygen side being slightly negative and the
hydrogen side being slightly positive. |
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17.
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A solution is a(an)
a. | combination of isotopes. | b. | chemical reaction. | c. | evenly distributed
mixture of two or more substances. | d. | combination of two or more
liquids. |
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18.
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When salt is dissolved in water, water is the
a. | reactant. | c. | solute. | b. | solution. | d. | solvent. |
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19.
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A substance with a pH of 6 is called
a. | an acid. | c. | both an acid and a base. | b. | a
base. | d. | neither an acid nor a
base. |
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20.
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A monosaccharide is a
a. | carbohydrate. | c. | nucleic acid. | b. | lipid. | d. | protein. |
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21.
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When hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, water is
a. | a product. | c. | both a product and a reactant. | b. | a
reactant. | d. | neither a product
nor a reactant. |
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22.
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What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction
started?
a. | adhesion energy | c. | cohesion energy | b. | activation energy | d. | chemical energy |
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23.
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A substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called
a(an)
a. | catalyst. | c. | molecule. | b. | lipid. | d. | element. |
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24.
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Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
a. | Cells are the basic units of life. | b. | All living things are made of
cells. | c. | Very few cells reproduce. | d. | All cells are produced by existing
cells. |
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25.
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The cell theory applies to
a. | bacteria. | c. | multicellular organisms. | b. | plants and
animals. | d. | all of the
above |
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26.
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Which type(s) of microscopes can produce three-dimensional images of
cells?
a. | transmission electron microscopes | c. | both A and B | b. | scanning electron
microscopes | d. | neither A nor
B |
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27.
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Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do
you know?
a. | The cell lacks cytoplasm. | c. | The cell lacks a
nucleus. | b. | The cell lacks a cell membrane. | d. | The cell lacks genetic
material. |
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28.
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Which of the following contain a nucleus?
a. | prokaryotes | c. | eukaryotes | b. | bacteria | d. | organelles |
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29.
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Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes?
a. | plants | c. | bacteria | b. | animals | d. | all of the
above |
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30.
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Which of the following structures is found in the cytoplasm?
a. | nucleolus | c. | chromatin | b. | ribosome | d. | cell wall |
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31.
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Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the
nucleus?
a. | Golgi apparatus | c. | vacuole | b. | mitochondrion | d. | ribosome |
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32.
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Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
a. | mitochondria and chloroplasts | c. | smooth endoplasmic
reticulum | b. | rough endoplasmic reticulum | d. | Golgi apparatus and ribosomes |
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33.
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Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal
cells?
a. | mitochondrion | c. | chloroplast | b. | ribosome | d. | smooth endoplasmic
reticulum |
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34.
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The main function of the cell wall is to
a. | support and protect the cell. | c. | direct the activities of the
cell. | b. | store DNA. | d. | help the cell move. |
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35.
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You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
a. | plants | c. | fungi | b. | animals | d. | all of the
above |
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36.
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Which of the following structures serves as the cell’s boundary from its
environment?
a. | mitochondrion | c. | chloroplast | b. | cell membrane | d. | channel
proteins |
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37.
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Diffusion is the movement of molecules from
a. | an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. | b. | an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration. | c. | an area of equilibrium to an area of high
concentration. | d. | all of the above |
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38.
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Which of the following is an example of an organ?
a. | heart | c. | digestive system | b. | epithelial tissue | d. | nerve cell |
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39.
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All of the following are types of tissues EXCEPT
a. | muscle. | c. | digestive. | b. | connective. | d. | nerve. |
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40.
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An organ system is a group of organs that
a. | are made up of similar cells. | b. | are made up of similar
tissues. | c. | work together to perform a specific function. | d. | work together to
perform all the functions in a multicellular organism. |
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41.
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Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called
a. | autotrophs. | c. | thylakoids. | b. | heterotrophs. | d. | pigments. |
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42.
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Energy is released from ATP when
a. | a phosphate group is added. | c. | ATP is exposed to
sunlight. | b. | adenine bonds to ribose. | d. | a phosphate group is removed. |
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Figure
8–1
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43.
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Which structures shown in Figure 8–1 make up an ATP molecule?
a. | A and B | c. | A, B, C, and D | b. | A, B, and C | d. | C and D |
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44.
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A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a
temperature of 27°C. The gas being collected is probably
a. | oxygen. | c. | ATP. | b. | carbon dioxide. | d. | vaporized
water. |
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45.
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Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
a. | oxygen. | b. | high-energy sugars and
starches. | c. | ATP and oxygen. | d. | oxygen and high-energy sugars and
starches. |
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46.
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Most plants appear green because chlorophyll
a. | does not absorb green light. | c. | absorbs green
light. | b. | reflects violet light. | d. | none of the above |
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47.
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A granum is a
a. | stack of chloroplasts. | c. | membrane enclosing a thylakoid. | b. | stack of
thylakoids. | d. | photosynthetic
pigment molecule. |
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48.
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Which of the following is released during cellular respiration?
a. | oxygen | c. | energy | b. | air | d. | lactic acid |
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49.
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Cellular respiration uses one molecule of glucose to produce
a. | 2 ATP molecules. | c. | 36 ATP molecules. | b. | 34 ATP molecules. | d. | 38 ATP
molecules. |
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50.
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What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a. | 6O2 + C6H12O6 ® 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy | b. | 6O2 +
C6H12O6 + Energy ® 6CO2 +
6H2O | c. | 6CO2 + 6H2O ® 6O2 +
C6H12O6 + Energy | d. | 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
® 6O2 +
C6H12O6 |
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51.
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The two main types of fermentation are called
a. | alcoholic and aerobic. | c. | alcoholic and lactic acid. | b. | aerobic and
anaerobic. | d. | lactic acid and
anaerobic. |
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52.
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One cause of muscle soreness is
a. | alcoholic fermentation. | c. | lactic acid
fermentation. | b. | glycolysis. | d. | the Krebs cycle. |
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53.
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Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires
a. | light. | c. | oxygen. | b. | exercise. | d. | glucose. |
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54.
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How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis almost opposite
processes?
a. | Photosynthesis releases energy, and cellular respiration stores
energy. | b. | Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration
puts it back. | c. | Photosynthesis removes oxygen from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it
back. | d. | all of the above |
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55.
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Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to
a. | chloroplasts. | c. | mitochondria. | b. | cytoplasm. | d. | nuclei. |
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56.
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The products of photosynthesis are the
a. | products of cellular respiration. | c. | products of
glycolysis. | b. | reactants of cellular respiration. | d. | reactants of
fermentation. |
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57.
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As a cell grows, it
a. | places more demands on its DNA. | b. | uses up food and oxygen more
quickly. | c. | has more trouble moving enough materials across its cell
membrane. | d. | all of the above |
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58.
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The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called
a. | cell division. | c. | interphase. | b. | metaphase. | d. | mitosis. |
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Figure
10–2
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59.
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The structures labeled B in Figure 10–2 are called
a. | centromeres. | c. | sister chromatids. | b. | centrioles. | d. | spindles. |
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60.
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Which of the following is a phase of mitosis?
a. | cytokinesis | c. | prophase | b. | interphase | d. | S phase |
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61.
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The first phase of mitosis is called
a. | prophase. | c. | metaphase. | b. | anaphase. | d. | interphase. |
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62.
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During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the
dividing cell?
a. | prophase | c. | metaphase | b. | telophase | d. | anaphase |
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63.
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Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper
sequence?
a. | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase | b. | interphase,
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase | c. | interphase, prophase, metaphase,
telophase | d. | prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase |
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64.
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One difference between cell division in plant cells and in animal cells is that
plant cells have
a. | centrioles. | c. | a cell plate. | b. | centromeres. | d. | chromatin. |
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65.
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During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having four chromosomes will
produce two daughter cells, each containing
a. | two chromosomes. | c. | eight chromosomes. | b. | four chromosomes. | d. | sixteen
chromosomes. |
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66.
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Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control
their
a. | size. | c. | growth rate. | b. | spindle fibers. | d. | surface area. |
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67.
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Cancer cells form masses of cells called
a. | tumors. | c. | growth factors. | b. | cyclins. | d. | p53. |
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68.
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Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study
a. | flowering. | c. | the inheritance of traits. | b. | gamete
formation. | d. | cross-pollination. |
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69.
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The chemical factors that determine traits are called
a. | alleles. | c. | genes. | b. | traits. | d. | characters. |
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70.
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The principle of dominance states that
a. | all alleles are dominant. | b. | all alleles are recessive. | c. | some alleles are
dominant and others are recessive. | d. | alleles are neither dominant nor
recessive. |
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71.
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When you flip a coin, what is the probability that it will come up tails?
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72.
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A heterozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a short plant. The probability
that an F1 plant will be tall is
a. | 25%. | c. | 75%. | b. | 50%. | d. | 100%. |
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73.
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Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to
be
a. | hybrid. | c. | heterozygous. | b. | homozygous. | d. | dominant. |
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74.
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In the Punnett square shown in Figure 11–1, which of the following is true
about the offspring resulting from the cross?
a. | About half are expected to be short. | c. | About half are expected to be
tall. | b. | All are expected to be short. | d. | All are expected to be
tall. |
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75.
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A cross of a black chicken (BB) with a white chicken (WW) produces
all speckled offspring (BBWW). This type of inheritance is known as
a. | incomplete dominance. | c. | codominance. | b. | polygenic inheritance. | d. | multiple
alleles. |
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76.
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Gregor Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to
a. | plants only. | c. | pea plants only. | b. | animals only. | d. | all organisms. |
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77.
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The number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by the symbol
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78.
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If an organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is
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79.
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Gametes are produced by the process of
a. | mitosis. | c. | crossing-over. | b. | meiosis. | d. | replication. |
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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80.
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Biologists who study cactuses and African violets would be called
____________________.
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Other
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USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Common Metric
Units | | Length | Mass | 1 meter (m) = 100
centimeters (cm)
1 meter = 1000 millimeters (mm)
1000 meters = 1 kilometer (km) | 1 kilogram
(kg) = 1000 grams (g)
1 gram = 1000 milligrams (mg)
1000 kilograms = 1 metric ton
(t) | | Volume | Temperature | 1 liter (L) =
1000 milliliters (mL)
1 liter = 1000 cubic centimeters (cm3) | 0ºC = freezing
point of water
100ºC = boiling point of water | | |
Figure
1–3
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81.
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Using Tables and Graphs What four common metric units in Figure 1–3
are used to measure length?
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82.
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Using Tables and Graphs What is the boiling point of water in degrees
Celsius?
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83.
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Applying Concepts Using Figure 1–3, what number does the prefix
kilo- represent?
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USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure 8–6
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84.
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Interpreting Graphics What process is shown in Figure 8–6?
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85.
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Interpreting Graphics What structure is shown in Figure 8–6?
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86.
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Interpreting Graphics Look at Figure 8–6. What are the products of
the light-dependent reactions?
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Essay
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87.
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Describe what happens when sugar solutions with two different concentrations are
placed on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane in a container.
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88.
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Discuss the relationship between autotrophs and heterotrophs. Do heterotrophs
depend on autotrophs for their survival? Explain your answer.
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